Nerve damage: Nerves that pass through the mediastinum may be damaged, for example by pressure from a tumor or cancerous lymph nodes in this area.Aneurysms: Thoracic aortic aneurysms are a serious condition involving the mediastinum.Another common disease called sarcoidosis can also cause it.
Fungal infections like histoplasmosis and mycobacterial infections like tuberculosis can also cause mediastinal lymph node enlargements. Lymphadenopathy: "Swollen" lymph nodes in the mediastinum may occur with some infections, especially viral infections.In addition to cancers such as lymphoma, which is not uncommonly found in these nodes, cancers such as lung cancer may spread to lymph nodes in the mediastinum. This can occur due to cancers that primarily affect the lymph system, such as lymphomas, as well as cancers that spread to lymph nodes. Malignant lymph nodes: The term malignant lymph nodes refers to those lymph nodes that are cancerous.Benign tumors: Benign germ cell tumors such as teratomas and dermoid cysts may occur in this region.Cancer: Cancers such as lymphomas (both Hodgkin's lymphoma and non-Hodgkins lymphomas), some germ cell tumors, and thymomas (cancers of the thymus gland) occur in the mediastinum.
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